【同位语从句译法】

　　英语的同位语从句是用以解释说明前面某一名词的内容的，也就是将这一名词的含义具体化，其地位和此名词是同等的。从句常用that或whether来引导。同位语从句常用来说明fact, theory, sense, question, conclusion, news, experience, evidence, proof, condition, law, conjecture, doubt等词的具体含义。

　　翻译此类从句时，一般有两种处理方法：一种把从句译成一个独立的句子，并在其前加即…，这…等词，或在从句所修饰的名词之后加冒号或破折号;二是用的字把从句放在它所修饰的词之前。如：

　　Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.(2000年)

　　结构分析：句子的框架是Furthermore, it is obvious that…, and that….这是典型的句型It+is+obvious+that clause. It是形式主语，真正的主语是由连词and连接的两个并列的主语从句:A.that the strength is…bound with…, B.and that this…rests upon the efforts….第一个主语从句中的词组be bound up with是与…有关联之意;在第二个主语从句中，代词this指代前文的the efficiency of its agriculture and industry,译为效率的提高。

　　参考译文：再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。熟能生巧

　　There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.(1999年)

　　结构分析：句子的框架是There is no agreement whether…or….主句是There is no agreement,agreement后面紧跟了由whether引导的同位语从句作同位语;在同位语从句中，谓语动词短语refers to跟了两个由连词or连接的并列宾语:A.the concepts peculiar to historical work in general; B.the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.在第一个宾语中，形容词词组peculiar to historical work和介词词组in general作后置定语修饰the concepts;在第二个宾语中同样有形容词词组appropriate to…of historical inquiry作后置定语修饰the research techniques.

　　参考译文：所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域适用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。