(3) 将英语原文中的by, in, for等做状语的介词短语翻译成译文的主语, 在此情况下, 英语原文中的主语一般被翻译成宾语。例如:

　　例1.A right kind of fuel is needed for an atomic reactor.

　　原子反应堆需要一种合适的燃料。

　　例2.By the end of the war, 800 people had been saved by the organization, but at a cost of 200 Belgian and French lives.

　　大战结束时, 这个组织拯救了八百人, 但那是以二百多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价的。

　　例3.And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. (93年考题)

　　许多人认为, 普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比, 而且认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门的训练才能掌握。

　　(4) 翻译成汉语的无主句。 例如:

　　例1.Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit.

　　应该尽最大努力告?nbsp| 年轻人吸烟的危害, 特别是吸上烟瘾后的可怕后果。(82年考题)

　　例2.By this procedure, different honeys have been found to vary widely in the sensitivity of their inhibit to heat.

　　通过这种方法分析发现不同种类的蜂蜜的抗菌活动对热的敏感程度也极为不同。

　　例4.Many strange new means of transport have been developed in our century, the strangest of them being perhaps the hovercraft.

　　在我们这个世纪内研制了许多新奇的交通工具, 其中最奇特的也许就是气垫 船了。

　　例5.New source of energy must be found, and this will take time….

　　必须找到新的能源，这需要时间……(91年考题)

　　另外, 下列结构也可以通过这一手段翻译:

　　It is hoped that … 希望……

　　It is reported that … 据报道……

　　It is said that … 据说……

　　It is supposed that … 据推测……

　　It may be said without fear of exaggeration that … 可以毫不夸张地说……

　　It must be admitted that … 必须承认……

　　It must be pointed out that … 必须指出……

　　It will be seen from this that … 由此可见……

　　(5) 翻译成带表语的主动句。例如:

　　例1.The decision to attack was not taken lightly.

　　进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。

　　例2.On the whole such an conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed. (92年考题)

　　总的来说, 得出这种结论是有一定程度把握的, 但必须具备两个条件: 能够 假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他比较的另一个孩子的态度相同; 他也没有因为缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分。

　　(注意上述翻译技巧在该句翻译中的综合运用。)