2. Research has shown that

　　[A] Dropouts are substantially below Ph. D. ‘s in financial attainment.

　　[B] the incentive factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph. D. studies.

　　[C] The Ph. D. candidate is likely to change his field of specialization if he drops out.

　　[D] about one-third of those who start Ph. D. work do not complete the work to earn the degree.

　　3. Meeting foreign language requirements for the Ph. D.

　　[A] is the most frequent reason for dropping out.

　　[B] is more difficult for the science candidate than for the humanities candidate.

　　[C] is an essential part of many Ph. D. programs.

　　[D] does not vary in difficulty among universities.

　　4. After reading the article, one would refrain from concluding that

　　[A] optimism reigns in regard to getting Ph. D. dropouts to return to their pursuit of the degree.

　　[B] a Ph. D. dropout, by and large, does not have what it takes to learn the degree.

　　[C] colleges and universities employ a substantial number of Ph. D. dropouts.

　　[D] Ph. D. ‘s are not earning what they deserve in nonacademic positions.

　　5. It can be inferred that the high rate of dropouts lies in

　　[A] salary for Ph. D. too low.

　　[B] academic requirement too high.

　　[C] salary for dropouts too high.

　　[D] 1000 positions.

　　Vocabulary

　　1. dropout 辍学者，中途退学

　　2. well-rounded 全面的

　　3. attrition 缩/减员，磨损

　　4. drain 枯竭

　　5. bracket 一类人，(尤指按收入分类的)阶层

　　6. lagging behind other fields 落后于其它领域

　　7. glum 阴郁的