62. 精英分子以及他们在贫困的产生和重视过程中的作用也是研究贫困问题的一个有趣和重要的对象，就像穷人本身一样，这些精英分子在不穷的人中占据了为数不多的上层地位。

　　63. 在建设交通、工业、贸易和旅游业基础设施时，穷人的居住地经常先成为受害地区，被置于污染、噪声和拥堵的环境中。

　　64. 更重要的是贫穷产生的经济影响，由于穷人缺乏其他选择，他们被迫从事那些下等或肮脏的工作;穷人更可能购买二手货，吃废弃食品，因此延长了这些东西的经济效益。

　　65. 贫穷和穷人起着一个重要的象征作用，它提醒人们，贫穷的命运可能降临那些忽视节俭、勤劳和廉洁美德的人，并警示一种持久的威胁，即对社会其他人的那些粗野、不道德以及暴力行为。

　　Writing

　　As can be seen from the above charts, some important changes have taken place in the past years with regard to the employment of university graduates. In 1992, about 50% of the university graduates found suitable positions in state-owned firms, while only 18% of them were working in private firms. However, in 2002, private firms took almost 50% of graduates, while only 15% of them were willing to work in state-owned firms.

　　It is no difficult job for us to come up with some possible factors that underlie the above changes. In the first place, most state-owned firms were still operated under planned economy, whose economic condition was not as good as expected. Therefore, fewer and fewer university graduates wanted to find jobs in state-owned firms. In the second place, private firms were run under market-oriented economy. There were flexible systems in private firms, in which university graduates were more likely to apply what they had learned in school to their work. Thus they could have more chances to be promoted, as they were willing to work in private firms.

　　From what has been discussed so far, I think that the employment situation in the state-owned firms won’t change much so long as the state-owned firms don’t change their system. And it can be predicted that the present situation will continue for quite a while in the near future.